What Causes Lower Back Pain in Females?

Lower back pain is one of the most common health concerns among women. While occasional backaches may come and go, persistent discomfort can interfere with daily activities, sleep, and overall quality of life. Many women wonder: What causes lower back pain in females?

The reasons can range from hormonal changes and lifestyle habits to medical conditions affecting the spine, muscles, or reproductive system. Let’s explore the most common causes in detail.

Musculoskeletal Causes

1. Muscle Strain and Sprain

How it happens: Lifting heavy objects, sudden movements, or poor posture.

Symptoms: Sharp pain, stiffness, difficulty bending or standing.

2. Poor Posture and Sedentary Lifestyle

Long hours of sitting, especially with incorrect posture, weaken back muscles.

Leads to chronic lower back pain over time.

3. Obesity

Excess weight puts extra strain on the spine and lower back muscles.

Common in women after pregnancy or due to hormonal imbalances.

Hormonal and Reproductive Causes

4. Menstrual Cycle-Related Pain

During menstruation, hormonal changes trigger uterine contractions that radiate as lower back pain.

Often accompanied by cramps, bloating, and fatigue.

5. Pregnancy

Weight gain, hormonal changes (relaxin loosening ligaments), and posture shifts cause significant strain.

Pain may persist after delivery if muscles remain weak.

6. Endometriosis

A condition where uterine tissue grows outside the uterus.

Causes severe pelvic pain that can extend to the lower back.

7. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

Hormonal imbalance can lead to weight gain, pelvic discomfort, and back pain in some women.

Spine and Nerve-Related Causes

8. Herniated or Slipped Disc

When spinal discs bulge or rupture, they press on nearby nerves.

Causes sharp, radiating pain down the leg (sciatica).

9. Osteoporosis

More common in postmenopausal women due to estrogen decline.

Weakens bones, making vertebrae prone to fractures and pain.

10. Arthritis of the Spine

Degenerative changes in joints of the spine can lead to stiffness and pain, especially in older women.

Lifestyle and Other Causes

11. Stress and Mental Health

Emotional stress increases muscle tension, especially in the lower back.

Women juggling work, household responsibilities, and caregiving often experience stress-related back pain.

12. Lack of Exercise

Weak core and back muscles cannot support the spine properly.

A sedentary lifestyle increases the risk of chronic pain.

13. Poor Footwear

High heels or unsupportive shoes alter posture and put strain on the lower back.

14. Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) or Kidney Problems

Sometimes, back pain is linked to infections or stones, which need medical attention.

When to Seek Medical Help

Not all back pain is harmless. Consult a doctor if you experience:

• Severe pain that does not improve with rest
• Pain radiating to the legs or causing numbness
• Difficulty controlling bladder or bowel movements
• Pain after an injury or fall
• Unexplained weight loss, fever, or fatigue

Treatment Options

At Home

• Rest and gentle stretching
• Warm compress for muscle relaxation
• Maintaining proper posture
• Using ergonomic chairs and supportive mattresses

Medical Treatments

• Pain relief medications or muscle relaxants
• Physiotherapy for strengthening and mobility
• Hormonal treatment for endometriosis or menstrual pain
• Surgery in severe cases, such as slipped discs or spinal degeneration

Preventive Tips for Women

• Exercise regularly, focusing on core and back muscles
• Maintain a healthy weight
• Wear supportive shoes instead of high heels for long hours
• Practise yoga or Pilates for flexibility
• Manage stress with relaxation techniques
• Avoid prolonged sitting, take breaks to stand and stretch

Conclusion

So, what causes lower back pain in females? The answer lies in a combination of musculoskeletal, hormonal, reproductive, and lifestyle factors. While mild back pain may resolve on its own, persistent or severe discomfort should not be ignored. By recognising the cause early and seeking the right treatment, women can protect their spines, improve mobility, and enjoy a pain-free life.