Spinal tuberculosis, also known as Pott's disease, is a form of tuberculosis (TB) that affects the spine. It is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis and typically begins with infection in the lungs, which can then spread through the bloodstream to the spine. Spinal TB most commonly affects the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, leading to destruction of the vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs. This can result in deformities, such as a sharp, angular curve of the spine known as a gibbus, and compression of the spinal cord or nerves, causing pain, weakness, or paralysis.

Symptoms of spinal tuberculosis can include persistent back pain, fever, weight loss, night sweats, and fatigue. Diagnosis involves imaging tests like X-rays or MRIs, as well as microbiological testing of samples from the affected area to confirm the presence of TB.

Treatment typically involves a long course of antibiotics to eradicate the infection, as well as management of any complications such as abscesses or spinal instability. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to stabilize the spine and decompress the spinal cord. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are essential to prevent serious complications and improve outcomes.