Spinal canal stenosis is a condition characterized by the narrowing of the spinal canal, which can compress the spinal cord or nerve roots. This narrowing may occur in any part of the spine—cervical (neck), thoracic (mid-back), or lumbar (lower back)—but is most commonly seen in the lumbar region. Causes include aging-related changes such as the thickening of ligaments, herniated discs, or bone spurs, as well as congenital factors or injuries. Symptoms may include back pain, leg or arm pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness, and, in severe cases, loss of bowel or bladder control. These symptoms are often exacerbated by standing or walking and may improve with sitting or bending forward. Treatment options can range from conservative measures such as physical therapy, medications, and epidural injections to more invasive interventions like decompression surgery to relieve pressure on the spinal cord or nerves. Early diagnosis and appropriate management can help improve quality of life and reduce symptoms.