Brain hydrocephalus is a condition characterized by an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the cavities of the brain known as ventricles. This buildup can increase pressure on brain tissues and lead to a variety of symptoms, depending on the age of the affected individual and the severity of the condition. In infants, it can cause an enlarged head, bulging fontanelles, irritability, and developmental delays. In older children and adults, symptoms may include headaches, nausea, vomiting, vision disturbances, balance problems, and cognitive or personality changes. Treatment often involves the surgical placement of a shunt system to divert excess fluid away from the brain, or an endoscopic third ventriculostomy to create a new pathway for fluid drainage. Early diagnosis and management are essential to prevent potential long-term neurological damage and improve outcomes.