Carpal tunnel syndrome is a common condition that occurs when the median nerve, which runs from the forearm through the wrist, becomes compressed or pinched within the carpal tunnel. The carpal tunnel is a narrow passageway in the wrist made up of bones and ligaments. When the tunnel narrows due to factors such as repetitive hand movements, wrist injuries, or conditions like arthritis, the pressure on the median nerve can increase, leading to symptoms. These symptoms may include pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness in the thumb, index, and middle fingers. Symptoms are often worse at night and may radiate up the arm.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, nerve conduction studies, and electromyography (EMG) tests. Treatment options depend on the severity of the condition and may include wearing a wrist splint, taking anti-inflammatory medications, or receiving corticosteroid injections. In more severe cases, surgery to release the carpal tunnel may be necessary. Early diagnosis and treatment can help alleviate symptoms and prevent long-term nerve damage.