How Does a Brain Tumour Occur?

Hearing the term brain tumour can be frightening, but understanding how it occurs can help reduce fear and improve awareness. A brain tumour is essentially an abnormal growth of cells in the brain or surrounding structures. Some tumours are harmless (benign), while others can be cancerous (malignant).

In this blog, Dr. Amit Aiwale explains how brain tumours develop, the risk factors involved, and why early detection is important.

How a Brain Tumour Develops

Our bodies are made of trillions of cells that grow, divide, and die in a controlled cycle. A tumour forms when this natural process is disrupted.

• Uncontrolled cell growth: Instead of dying when they should, abnormal cells keep dividing.
• Mass formation: These extra cells cluster together, forming a lump called a tumour.
• Pressure on the brain: Since the skull is a closed space, even a small tumour can press on nerves, blood vessels, and brain tissue, leading to symptoms.

Types of Brain Tumours

Primary Brain Tumours

Originates in the brain itself.

Examples: Gliomas, meningiomas, pituitary tumours.

Secondary (Metastatic) Brain Tumours

Spread to the brain from cancers in other parts of the body (e.g., lungs, breast).

Why Do Brain Tumours Occur?

While the exact cause is not always known, some factors increase the risk:

• Genetic mutations: Changes in DNA that make cells grow uncontrollably.
• Family history: Rare, but some inherited syndromes may increase risk.
• Radiation exposure: Previous radiation therapy to the head.
• Environmental factors: Long-term exposure to harmful chemicals.
• Age: Risk increases with age, though brain tumours can occur at any age.

It’s important to note that most people with these risk factors never develop a brain tumour, and many patients are diagnosed without any clear risk factors at all.

Common Symptoms of Brain Tumours

Since tumours press on different parts of the brain, symptoms vary depending on location and size. Some common ones include:

• Persistent headaches, often worse in the morning
• Seizures
• Nausea or vomiting
• Vision or hearing changes
• Weakness or numbness in limbs
• Balance problems
• Memory loss or personality changes

Can Brain Tumours Be Prevented?

There is no sure way to prevent brain tumours, but adopting a healthy lifestyle, avoiding unnecessary radiation exposure, and regular health check-ups can lower overall risk. More importantly, early detection and treatment can significantly improve outcomes.

Conclusion

So, how does a brain tumour occur? It occurs when normal cell growth in the brain becomes uncontrolled due to genetic, environmental, or unknown factors. Understanding the process, recognising symptoms early, and seeking timely medical care are the best steps toward effective treatment.

If you or a loved one experiences persistent neurological symptoms, consulting a specialist is essential.